Alviss

Gel-forming mucins secreted by conjunctival goblet cells have been implicated in the clearance of allergens, pathogens, and debris. However, their roles remain incompletely understood. Here we show that human and mouse conjunctival goblet cell mucins have Alcian blue-detectable sialic acids, but not sulfates in the steady state. Interestingly, Balb/c mouse strain lacks this sialylation due to a po...

Multidisciplinary efforts to prospectively collect and analyze symptoms of hay fever are limited. We aimed to identify the characteristics of nasal and ocular symptoms of hay fever, using the AllerSearch smartphone application. This mobile health-based prospective observational study using the AllerSearch smartphone application was conducted between February 1, 2018, and May 1, 2020. Individuals w...

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe, recurrent allergic conjunctivitis. Previously, we found high concentrations of oncostatin M (OSM) in the tears of patients with VKC. Here, we investigated the role of OSM in VKC by focusing on epithelial barrier function and IL-33 production. To assess the effect of OSM on the barrier function of human conjunctival epithelial cells (HConEpiCs), we mea...

Macular edema is found in more than half of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) cases, leading to visual loss in most of these cases. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor is currently the standard treatment for macular edema due to BRVO (BRVO-ME). The difference in the effects of aflibercept and ranibizumab on the choroid in BRVO-ME is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed ...

Highlights •The IL-33-ST2 axis induces axonal elongation in allergic conjunctivitis •A population of memory pathogenic Th2 cells in the conjunctiva express Il1rl1 and Calca •CGRP produced by memory pathogenic Th2 cells drives severe itch in conjunctivitis •CALT structure formation with axonal elongation is observed in human giant papillae

Biologics applying antibodies against IgE, IL-5, IL-5 receptor α, IL-4 receptor α, and IL-13 have dramatically improved recent treatment outcomes in allergic diseases including asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. However, these drugs have not been approved for ocular allergic diseases such as allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Although the p...

Highlights •The IL-33-ST2 axis induces axonal elongation in allergic conjunctivitis •A population of memory pathogenic Th2 cells in the conjunctiva express Il1rl1 and Calca •CGRP produced by memory pathogenic Th2 cells drives severe itch in conjunctivitis •CALT structure formation with axonal elongation is observed in human giant papillae

Allergic conjunctival disease (ACD) is an inflammatory disease of the conjunctiva that is mainly caused by type I hypersensitivity response to allergens and accompanied by subjective symptoms and other findings induced by antigens. ACD is classified as allergic conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis. This article summarizes the ...

Hay fever is a highly prevalent, heterogenous, and multifactorial disease. Patients may benefit from longitudinal assessments using mobile health (mHealth) principles. We have previously attempted to establish an effective mHealth platform for patients with hay fever through AllerSearch, our in-house smartphone app that assesses electronic patient-reported outcomes through a questionnaire on hay f...